● Prostatectomy: Removal of the prostate gland, often for prostate cancer.

● Cystectomy: Removal of the bladder, often due to cancer.

● Nephrectomy: Removal of a kidney, often due to cancer or severe damage.

● Vasectomy: A surgical procedure for male sterilization by cutting and sealing the vas

deferens.

● Lithotripsy: Using sound waves to break kidney stones into smaller pieces for easier